Siting Methods for Low Emission Vehicles Infrastructure

Explore EV uptake and charging behaviour, see what it means for the electricity network and market, and find the best places for charging infrastructure.

Getting started
  1. Pick a section from the menu on the left (or click a card below).
  2. Its settings appear in the left menu, under the section name.
  3. Each page starts with a short "How to use this section" box; results are in the tabs below it.
  4. Sections that query the database (Zone Substations, Dispatch, Marginal Cost) can take a few seconds: wait for the progress bar at the bottom right.

Suggested workflow

1 · Explore

EVs Information

EV stock, charging infrastructure outlook, vehicle registrations and the travel survey.
1 · Explore

Charging Patterns

Daily charging profiles by charger type; set the number of EVs and time step.
1 · Explore

Zone Substations

Substation load with added EV demand, time above limits and spare capacity.
2 · Grid & market

Dispatch & Emissions

AEMO generation and emissions; test scenarios by changing the generation mix.
2 · Grid & market

Marginal Cost

Spot prices by region: trends, distributions, exceedance and spectral analysis.
3 · Siting

KDE 2.0 – Charger Siting

Combine weighted density layers into a siting score and select charging hubs.

Tips

  • Sections that need data show a short instruction until you load it.
  • Every chart has a camera button (top right, on hover) to save it as PNG; tables and results have download buttons.
  • Charts are interactive: drag to zoom, double-click to reset, click legend items to hide them.
  • Long operations show a progress bar at the bottom right.
How to use this section
  1. Use the tabs below to browse EV stock, charging infrastructure outlook, car specifications and Queensland vehicle data.
  2. Each chart names its data source underneath; hover for values, drag to zoom, double-click to reset.

Charging Infrastructure by 2030 - STEPS

Source: based on IEA. 2022. Global EV Data Explorer. Paris

EV Stock, Source: based on IEA. 2022. Global EV Data Explorer. Paris

CAR SPECS

Source: Electric Vehicle Council, State of EVs 2025 (https://electricvehiclecouncil.com.au/)

Range [km] vs Battery Size [kWh]

Based on: Electric Vehicle Council, State of EVs 2025 (https://electricvehiclecouncil.com.au/)

Efficiencies - models sold in Australia

Based on: Electric Vehicle Council (https://electricvehiclecouncil.com.au/)

Efficiency = advertised electric range / battery size (mostly WLTP range, some NEDC). This is an estimate: it ignores charging losses and the usable share of the battery. PHEVs use their electric-only range.

Measured efficiencies - US EPA tests (battery EVs)

Based on: US EPA / DOE fuel economy data (https://www.fueleconomy.gov/feg/download.shtml)

How the sources compare (battery EVs)

The EPA figures are lower because they are measured at the wall (charging losses included) on a harsher test cycle, while the EVC figures divide the advertised range by the battery size. Compare models within a source, not across sources.

TMR - Number of Motor Vehicles

Based on: TMR Data

Delta Motor Vehicles vs Time

Based on: TMR Data

Based on: TMR Data

QLD Cars Distribution by Fuel

QLD - Electric Vehicles Heatmap

Source TMR QLD - Data up to 30 june 2022

TMR TRAVEL SURVEY 2020-2021

Download Plot as HTML

TMR TRAVEL SURVEY 2020-2021

TMR TRAVEL SURVEY 2020-2021

How to use this section
  1. Set the time step and the number of EVs in the left menu.
  2. Choose one or more charging patterns (EVs and/or charging infrastructure) in the panel on the right.
  3. Optional: scale the profile by month (Modifier column) and by day of the week (Day Modifier), then read the results in the tabs.
  4. Download the profiles as CSV from the first tab.

Energy [kWh]

Power [kW]

Download profiles (CSV)

Sources:

Philip, T., Lim, K. L., & Whitehead, J. 2022. Driving and charging an EV in Australia: A real-world analysis.

Energex. 2022. EV SmartCharge (Queensland) Insight: Issue 2. Week and Weekend Consumption Profiles. Accessed online https://www.ergon.com.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0010/961822/Weekday-and-Weekend-Consumption-Profiles.pdf.

Energy [kWh]

Power [kW]

Values

Stacked Weekdays

Stacked Weekend

Custom [kWh]

Custom Weekend [kWh]



Day Modifier

How to use this section
  1. Pick a zone substation and the EV penetration [%] below.
  2. In the left menu, set the date range and the capacity limit to compare against (e.g. NCC).
  3. Open GRAPHS to see the substation load with and without EVs; the boxes count how often the load is above the limit, without and with EVs.
  4. BARPOLAR SS - RESULTS and BULK CALCULATION compare many substations at once.

RESULTS MAP

RESULTS HISTOGRAM

Download results (CSV)

SUBSTATION DATA

Download full data (CSV)

SUBSTATION DATA

SUBSTATIONS DATA

SELECT INFO

TXs Energex

Spectral Analysis (FFT)

IFFT(FFT(TOTAL)-FFT(NO_EV)) = EV Charging Pattern

Spectral Analysis (FFT)

SUBSTATION's AREA of INFLUENCE

Selected Substation MVs

All Substation's Data

MVS using ABS2020's SA1 Data

How to use this section: 1. choose a date range on the left and click Retrieve Data → 2. pick states and energy sources on the right and click GET → 3. (optional) change generators or the scenario modifiers and click UPDATE GENERATORS .

Baseline (AEMO data)

Emission intensity
Total energy
Total emissions

With modified generation

Emission intensity
Total energy
Total emissions
Curtailed energy
Gap energy
Gap emissions
Download dispatch summary (CSV)

Hourly average power

Hourly emissions intensity

Hourly renewable energy fraction

Renewable energy vs emissions intensity

Energy vs emissions intensity

Absolute emissions vs emissions intensity

Energy vs emissions

Emissions with modified generation

AEMO DATA

AEMO DATA

AEMO DATA

Hourly Avg Power by Technology

AEMO DATA

GENERATORS

EV's Emissions

EV's Average Daily Emissions

EV's Emissions by day

EV's Emissions Stacked by Day

EV's Load Stacked by Day

EV's vs Old Car for Total Period (Total Vehicles)

NOTE: To get values per vehicle, change number of vehicles to 1 in 'CHARGING PATTERNS' Tab

Data selection

Scenario modifiers

Percent of each source's dispatch (100 = unchanged). Press UPDATE GENERATORS to apply.
Energy modifiers [%]
How to use this section
  1. Choose a region and date range below (tick 'Compare with' to add a second one).
  2. Select the states on the right and click GET.
  3. Browse the tabs: price over time, distributions by hour, histogram, probability of exceedance and spectral (FFT) analysis.
to
to
Download spot prices (CSV)

Summary statistics

Temporarily Disabled (too long waiting time for this presentation)

Choose the study-area boundary (file, upload or draw it on the map) and build the grid of points where all layers are scored. Then go to step 2 to compute the layers.

Study area

…or draw it with the polygon or rectangle tool on the map: the drawn area becomes the boundary and the grid is rebuilt straight away (several shapes are merged; edit or delete them with the toolbar).
The boundary limits the grid, so it shapes the combined result. Clipping also sets every KDE layer's window to 'Study boundary', so points outside it are ignored.
Outputs are written to WWW/GIS_Outputs_KDE2 (the original KDE tab's files are not touched).

Boundary and grid

Each row is one input layer. Edit include, factor, operation and bandwidth in the table; pick a row to see all its settings, a preview map and its density statistics. Status shows whether the saved density surface matches the current settings.

Bandwidth and raster detail always work together: bandwidth is how far each point's influence spreads (the smoothing radius); raster detail is the pixel size of the result, set as cells per side or as a cell size. Keep cells no larger than ¼ of the bandwidth – ⚠ marks layers that are coarser.

Layers

Selected layer

Layer preview


                                      
                                    

                                  

                                

                              

                              

                                

                                  

                                    

                                      
Density distribution

                                    

                                    

                                      

                                        

                                          
                                        

                                      

                                      
                                      

                                      

                                    

                                  

                                

                              

                            

                          

                          

                            

                              Samples every included layer at the grid points and combines them:
                              sum
                              layers are multiplied by their factor and added;
                              multiply
                              layers are raised to their factor and multiply that sum.
                              Included layers that are missing or out of date are computed first.
                            

                            

                              

                                

                                  

                                    
Combine

                                  

                                  

                                    
                                    

                                    

                                      
                                      
                                    

                                    

                                      
                                      
                                    

                                    

                                      
                                      
                                    

                                    

                                      
                                      

                                        
                                        
                                      

                                    

                                    

                                    
                                      
                                      Download result (.gpkg)
                                    
                                    

                                      

                                    

                                  

                                

                              

                              

                                

                                  

                                    
Result map

                                  

                                  

                                    
                                  

                                

                              

                            

                            

                              

                                

                                  

                                    
Distribution of the map variable at grid points

                                  

                                  

                                    

                                      

                                        
                                      

                                    

                                    
                                    

                                  

                                

                              

                              

                                

                                  

                                    
Weighted layer values at grid points (non-zero points) – click a layer to map it

                                  

                                  

                                    
                                  

                                

                              

                            

                            

                              

                                

                                  

                                    
Contribution of each layer (share of summed weighted values) – click a bar to map it

                                  

                                  

                                    
                                  

                                

                              

                            

                          

                          

                            

                              Greedy hub selection: keep points above the score quantile, take the best point,
                              drop every point within the minimum distance, repeat.
                            

                            

                              

                                

                                  

                                    
Hub selection

                                  

                                  

                                    

                                      
                                      

                                        

                                          
                                        

                                        

                                          
                                        

                                      

                                    

                                    

                                      

                                        
                                        

                                          
                                          
                                        

                                      

                                    

                                    

                                      
                                      

                                        
                                        
                                      

                                    

                                    

                                      
                                      
                                    

                                    

                                      
                                      
                                    

                                    

                                      
                                      
                                    

                                    
                                    

                                    
                                      
                                      Download hubs (.gpkg)
                                    
                                    

                                      

                                    

                                  

                                

                              

                              

                                

                                  

                                    
Hubs